Hiv/Aids Epidemiology in Swaziland - 2319 Words

Running head: HIV/AIDS Epidemiology in Swaziland HIV/AIDS Epidemiology in Swaziland Andrew Jay Mallo Florida International University Abstract Since the first case was reported in 1986, AIDS has disproportionately affected the Kingdom of Swaziland relative to other nations in the region and globally. The high prevalence rate is characteristic of a generalized epidemic. It is estimated that there will be 20,000 to 30,000 new HIV infections each year. The Swazi Ministry of Health and Social Welfare [MoHSW] collects this data every two years, creating a lag of time between data collection and dissemination of information. Based on HIV prevalence studies, the HIV epidemic has disproportionately affected women, is primarily†¦show more content†¦The stabilization may be due to a slight decrease in new cases. It is difficult to make this conclusion since there is no access to HIV incidence data. There has been a decline in AIDS mortality rate since 2004 which may also correspond with an increase in antiretroviral therapy. Source: UN/WHO. (2008, October). Epidemiological fact sheet on HIV and AIDS: Swaziland. Transmission Patterns Although there has been some stabilizing in the HIV prevalence rate over the last couple of years there still exists a significant heterogeneity in the HIV epidemic. Adult women have a significantly higher prevalence rate than men: 31% to 19.7% (UNAIDS, 2008). Overall, the male-to-female ratio of HIV cases for young adults (age 15-24) has doubled from 2:1 in 2001 to 4:1 in 2007 (UNAIDS, 2008). The HIV prevalence rate of pregnant women was 38.8% in 2007 (UNAIDS, 2008). The 11th HIV sentinel surveillance study showed a stabilization of HIV in pregnant women. The data shows that women are at a greater risk of acquiring HIV than men. The greater risk is reflective of heterosexual transmission. An epidemiological study by Physicians For Human Rights (2007) identifies an inequality between men and women that plays a role in this heterogeneity. In this study women were more economically dependent and lacked control over sexual decision making. Women’s rights had a protective effect: Belief in sexual decisionShow MoreRelatedBiology At St. Francis Desales High School3053 Words   |  13 Pagesat a four year university and to later attend medical school. c. HIV is a virus that most of you, if not all, have heard of. That is because over 1.2 million Americans live with it everyday. Many of you may wonder: what makes this disease so dangerous? Well, out of all these infected people, one in eight are not even aware that this virus is currently multiplying in their bloodstream (CDC). This ignorance stems from the fact that HIV initially lies latent in the body for up to ten years. After thisRead MoreDiscuss the Importance of Non Verbal Communication to Education24125 Words   |  97 Pages------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form IFAD strategy paper on HIV/AIDS for East and Southern Africa IFAD strategy paper on HIV/AIDS for East and Southern Africa A. Assessing the Impact of HIV/AIDS on IFAD-Supported Projects 34. This section looks at the relevance of HIV/AIDS to agricultural and rural development projects, considering the vulnerability of project target groups and IFAD project staff and their families to HIV/AIDS; the reduced project implementation capacity resulting from the

Essay on Election View Standing for Republicans - 833 Words

It is difficult to always side with one party however when forming my opinion on controversial topics in the United States I generally side with republicans. There are topics that democrats have better ideas on, but they are not many. Some of the most important issues today in America are drug use, education and same sex marriage, and republicans definitely have the right idea on those topics. There are many others in which they are correct, but those are some of the most important to me. As part of the youth of our generation, I find it exceedingly important to focus on what is in our nations best interest for the future, and when considering our options republicanism is a strongly advised and supported opinion. One issue that I†¦show more content†¦They believe there needs to be more separation between students with higher knowledge compared to students that need a little more help understanding concepts. When separating gifted students they will end up getting more out of school which will transfer to their career and help them a great deal in life. They also encourage the ability for parents and students to be able to choose from multiple schooling options including private schools and homeschooling. Many children find it hard to learn with such large class sizes in some areas, or when having to deal with bullying everyday. Offering the option of homeschooling can help those children learn and succeed. Another option republicans are fighting for is the aptitude for children to be able to voluntarily express their religious beliefs. Many religious groups feel praying for the correct guidance, and if they do so in such a way that it doesn’t disturb others it shouldn’ t be a problem in my opinion. Finally republicans believe that we should eliminate federal loans, and switch to only private loans. When the federal government is giving out loans it is hurting our economy excessively. Even though we are already many trillions of dollars in debt the government is still giving out student loans, in return it causes our nations debt to keep skyrocketing. Considering our nation’s current academic status, it is evident that we need toShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Change In Texas1090 Words   |  5 Pagesin order to satiate Texan’s demands for change. Dean’s argument lies on the foundation that Texans want change, and they want it now. For the past 20 years, things in Texas have stayed pretty consistent due to having a majority of Conservative Republicans in high office, but consistency is not necessarily a good thing. Texas has the lowest graduation rate of high school compared to every other state in country and also has a very high rate of uninsured individuals. Nearly 1 in 4 people in Texas areRead MoreThe Politics Of The United States1251 Words   |  6 Pagesthemselves Democrats or Republicans. â€Å"Party identification, like other attitudes, affects beliefs as well as opinions.† Party affiliation is a significant tool to predict tendencies of voters, those that associate themselves with the Republican Party tend to vote Republican and those associated with the Democratic Party tend to vote Democrat. Presidential performance ratings are indication of polarization amongst the parties. Republicans tend to give a higher approval rating for Republicans and lower ratingRead MoreThe Politics Of Political Parties807 Words   |  4 Pagespeople whose key purpose is to win elections and control the government. â€Å"The major work of the coalition is to recruit, nominate, and elect its candidates to public office (Markel, 2009).† One of the many goals for an official is to get re-elected. In attempting to do so, the political party the candidate falls under would attempt to create new innovations to compete against their competitor. â€Å"It would seem that parties which often faced closely contested elections would try to out-do each otherRead MoreFranklin D Roosevelt And The New Deal Program For Economic Relief, Recovery And Reform1193 Words   |  5 Pagesyears the south was a democratic region, now in today’s society the south is seen as solidly Republican. The views of the parties may have changed but the views of the people did not. The Southern Democrats were the pop ular party and had many conservative views, many of which southern whites still believe today. This paper will describe the change from the solidly democratic region to a solidly republican region. In the 1930’s Franklin D Roosevelt created the New Deal program for economic reliefRead MoreThomas Jefferson And Alexander Hamilton848 Words   |  4 Pageswere led by Hamilton and leading the Republicans was Thomas Jefferson (Bethel University, 2004). Many differences distinguished the two parties. The visions each person had for governing the states was compromised by the events leading up to the systems establishments and the later roles of wars, like the War of 1812, and national organization of parties (Bethel University, 2004). In 1790s, political parties called the Federalist and Republicans were establishing to grant a persistentRead MoreEver Wonder How Each Citizen Knows Who To Vote For President1230 Words   |  5 PagesEver wonder how each citizen knows who to vote for president in each election? Each candidate has a set of values and specific agendas that they want to bring to the country. These candidates are backed by a party. Depending on which candidate wins, the backing party gets the advantage of taking control of the government. Politics today in the United States, is governed by a two-party system. A two-party system is, â€Å"a political system in which only two parties have a realistic opportunity to competeRead MoreThe s Criteria Of Voting Equality And Effective Participation1400 Words   |  6 Pagespractise. For instance, in the 2012 Presidential Election, 123,714,407 eligible citizens voted compared to 131,142,144 votes cast in the 2008 election (McDonald, 2012). That means there was a decrease in voter turnout of 3.4 percentage points from 2008 (61.6%) to 2012 (58.2%) (Andrews et al., 2012), prompting questions as to why 7,427,737 less voters participated. When a mere 58% of your country’s population chooses not to vote in the federal election, it is impossible for democracy to function. Read MoreThe Union Of The United States910 Words   |  4 Pageslittle over a month after the election of Abraham Lincoln, South Carolina seceded the union. Becoming the first state ever to do so, and th is action set the example for similar results to happen in fellow slave holding states; throughout the beginning of 1861. Although South Carolina had come very close to secession before, first during the nullification crisis of 1832, and again at the State Convention of 1852, it would ultimately come to a breaking point after the of Election of 1860. Though the fullRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of D Day And Ve Day During World War II901 Words   |  4 PagesPOLITICAL TELEVISION ADS 1952 The presidential nominee for the Republican Party was Eisenhower, while for the Democrats, it was Adlai Stevenson. Eisenhower’s ads focused on Eisenhower as the general who lead American troops to victory in D-Day and VE-Day during World War II. Stevenson’s messages focused on civil liberty and equality for all Americans regardless of race, class or any other demographic. An advertisement for Stevenson featuring a female singer singing a song that portrayed StevensonRead MoreThe Impact of United States Presidential Elections on the World View (Standing) of America2099 Words   |  9 PagesHow other countries view America’s position in the world varies not only based on America’s actions within the international arena, or foreign policy, but also how Americans view the actions of their leaders and policy makers. For both internal and external views, America’s â€Å"standing† revolves around two primary elements – how well the US gover nment does what it says it is going to do and how well it stands up to threats against it. While these are not the only elements considered, America’s credibility

Is Television Good or Bad for Students Essay Example For Students

Is Television Good or Bad for Students? Essay With the world developping rapidly, we have enterred the information age, more and more media instruments are being introduced to us, and we become relying on them much more than before. Television is a good example. It is not surprise that most of families have bought television to their homes, it is also not surprise that many people like watching televeision every day and they are interested in the television programs. The number of people who like watching television is expanding to every age: children, youngers, the wrinkly and the old. As for adults, watching television seems to a common thing in the life that people nearly talk about this, however, people are more and more concerning about the problem that there are so many students addicting to television that they have no heart for their studies, so voices about that television is bad for students aroused, they say television embarrasses the students study and it is harmful to their mental and physical health. It seems that television is of no good for students, but in my opinion, television is good for students. I know that the most important use of television is to entertain ourselves, whereas, television is a good teacher at the same time. Watching television helps the students gain knowledge by a diffrent way. If you watch a news program, you can receive the lattest news around the world, you can get the news in which you are interested most and expand your view to the world development, also what you have watched can become a part of your knowledge that is prepared for communicating with others. If you wacth a science program, you can get known about the science development, what reserch we have finished and what we are still reserching for, watching science program help arouse the students interests in studying, they will work hard and wish to know more as long as they have motivation in their studies. If you watch a ecucation program, what you can gain from it is not only science but also language or something else helpful for your life, maybe you can be excited by watching an English speech compitition, by contrasting you and the competitor, you will know what you are lack in and in which aspect you should work hard so as not to fall behind from others. There are many educating programs that it is intersting and exciting to students, by atching them, the students can expand their knowledge and improve the efficiency of their brains working, the brain will be helped develop faster. Some people say that the advertisements are uesless to students, but they dont know the advertisement has its own strong point. When the students watching those advertisements, their sense organisations are being well trained, also does it help them know more about the world outside. So it is not harmful for the students to watch television in a normal priod of time. Television entertainment is not only needed by adults, it is also needed by the students. As well know , there is always a lot of pressure being put on the students. They have to work hard and get a good result after studying, they have to face the fierce compitition between each other in the society, they will be nervous before a big examinatin, some can not even fall asleep for that. So the students need relaxing, too. BY watching funny programs, they will be relaxing and earn more encourage to face their pressure and difficulties. In another side, dont think we get nothing from movies, if that is true, our foreign teachers are teaching us in a wrong way. Some people say that young students like watching movies which contain violence and eroticism, it is great harmful to theri mental health. But thats only a small amount of such kind, most movies are fit to the students. Movie reflects the life, it can show different culture of different country, thats why we English learner often see English movies, that is the same with other language learners. .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47 , .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47 .postImageUrl , .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47 , .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47:hover , .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47:visited , .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47:active { border:0!important; } .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47:active , .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47 .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2c6ae053ddfe9067d8321c4b6539ed47:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Alcoholism and Drug Abuse EssayBesides that, it is not only movie is good for students but also the other entertaining programs. By watching an entertainment program, we have fun and know more about different people. If you watch it with your families, it is happy that you have fun together, that shorten the distance between you and your parents, it is undoubtly good that children grow up in a harmony family circumastance. In conclusion, I think that television is good for students. What we should do is to guid the students to use television properly. Parents should control the time well for their children to watch television programs, also should them supervision what kind of program they are watching, and help them build the right view of the outside world so that they will do their work in a correct way. Whats more, it is the duty of government to prevent the bad programs from appearing on television. I believe that if the whole society cooperate well, watching television is an absolutely good thing for the students.

Lenin Essays - Economic Ideologies, Political Ideologies

Lenin Lenin Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, later known as Lenin was a key figure in European history. Lenin led the Bolsheviks (which later became known as communists) to overthrow the Russian Tsar, and to bring socialism to Russia. Lenin introduced Communism to Russia. This changed the history for Russia as well as the rest of Europe, and to this day has had a huge effect on the Russian economy. Lenin's impact on Europe and Russia consisted of him applying Marxist ideas, which later led to complete Communism, and a threat to Europe and the rest of world. In developing his plan of socialism in Russia, Lenin followed the examples of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, the original developers of the communist theory. The main aspect of any kind of government, and especially socialism, is its economic structure. Lenin explained that in his economic theory, called Imperialism, the first step was to gradually move into a joined monopoly - capitalist phase, which later would become communism. Lenin went on to say that based on the disproportion between economic development of the monopoly stage, which is the beginning of full socialism, and capitalism, which is the meaning of a private life and freedom from others. The only problem with that theory is that a Monopoly and Capitalism are complete opposites of each other, and were bound to cause problems.(http://venus.spaceports.com/~theory/economy_1.htm) Lenin knew of this problem, but considered it a stepping stone in the right direction. He predicted problems, but thought in due time his econom ic machine would operate with great success, and make Russia into a world mega power. Lenin's plan of communism for Russia was supposed to be great. People were supposed to get free education, free medical care, everybody makes the same amount of money, working equally as hard, and everybody was supposed to get the same advantage in life. But it would never work out quite as planed. On October 25, 1917 (November 7th according to the new Gregorian calendar), Lenin led the Bolsheviks in a Socialist Revolution that would lead Lenin in charge of Russia. Everything that had been set in stone about the life and culture of Russian over the past centuries, would change during the course of one night. People were expecting great things, Lenin and others associated with his party, made Karl Marx's ideas about Communism sound great. Once Lenin came to power and tried to execute his plans towards his nation things went terribly wrong for the people of Russia. The problems started with the working class or the proletariat, the people that Lenin put in charge of the nation. As common knowledge, proletariats are not the most educated people, with no knowledge of how to help run a Socialist government. So the proletariats started making decisions that would hurt the common man in Russia. Decease, hunger and even cannibalism struck over some parts of the nation, where as before in the Monarchy rule under Tsar Nicholas II, Russia was as rich in agriculture as any other country in the world.(Shinskaya) Another promise that Lenin kept was that he gave the peasants more land. Also, he forced the peasants to move to collective farms, called ?Kalhoz? (Russian). The peasants didn't have any privacy, all their personal belongings were taken and put to public use in their collective farms. An example of the changes going on in the work force, on socialistic collective farm, was farmers, one farmer has two cows, the other had none. In a communistic gove rnment, where everybody is completely equal, Lenin would make the two farmers coexist and work with each other, and make the farmer with two cows share with the farmer with no cows at all. Allowing the farmer with no cows to free load off the farmer with two cows. That is Communism; unfair, but too bad, you can't do anything about it. The peasants became outraged and started to strike. Bolshevik at first sight of resistance began to shoot down innocent people fighting for their freedom, all by the order of Lenin.(Isayevich 98) The problems didn't end there. Back in the old days of Monarch Russia, the Russian people had a great belief of the church. In one of Karl Marx's publishing's about communism, he replies ?Religion