Drawing Funds from the European Union Essay

Drawing Funds from the European Union Introduction            European Union funds are an instrument for implementing its economic and social cohesion policies whose objective is to eliminate the disparities in development levels amongst the EU member states and the relative primitiveness of the most disadvantaged states. The EU funds provide funding for a wide range of projects covering areas such as urban and regional development, employment and social inclusion. The funds also cover agricultural and rural development, maritime developments, innovation and research ventures, and humanitarian aid. It means that municipalities, businesses, ministries, non-profit organizations, learning institutions, the transport industry, and research institutions are eligible to apply for the funds. Management of Funds            Funding, the sole purpose of the EU funds, is supervised in accordance with a set strict rules to ensure that there is total control over how to spend the funds; in a transparent and accountable manner. Twenty-Eight EU commissioners have the definitive responsibility of ensuring that beneficiaries use the funds accordingly. Nonetheless, performing checks and annual audits is a responsibility that lies with the national governments. It is because the funds are mostly managed within the beneficiary states. Management of seventy-six percent of the whole EU budget happens in collaboration with state and regional authorities via a system of shared management. Allotment of Funds The EU provides funds from five categories: The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). European Social Fund (ESF). Cohesion Fund (CF). European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD). The European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF).            These major funds are referred to as Structural Funds. There are other funds that the EU manages directly. These other funds are usually in the form of grants and contracts. There is a common fallacy that ‘money from Brussels’ is available for free and for any purpose. Reality check proves it otherwise because grants from the EU are usually made available for supporting specific objectives. A big chunk of the funds is not given to beneficiaries directly, but through state and regional authorities who are responsible for transparent management of the funds (Council, 2007).            The European Regional Development Fund (ERDF): The aim of the ERDF is strengthening economic and social cohesion in the EU through adjusting imbalances amongst its regions. The ERDF usually centers its attention on some key priority areas known as ‘thematic concentration’: Low-carbon economy Research and innovation Assisting small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) and The digital agenda            The resource allocation to the priorities usually depends on the category of the region in question. More developed regions focus at least eighty percent of these funds on at least two of these priorities. Transition regions’ focus is for sixty percent of the funds and fifty percent for less developed regions. Additionally, some of the ERDF resources are directed specifically towards low-carbon economy projects; twenty percent for more developed regions, fifteen percent for transition regions and twelve percent for less developed regions. The ERDF also gives special attention to specific territorial attributes. Disadvantaged areas from a geographical point of view, for example, mountainous or sparsely populated areas, gain from this special treatment.            The European Social Fund (ESF): The most important focus of the ESF is improving the job market and education opportunities across member states of the European Union. Improving the social statuses of vulnerable people is also an important aim for the fund. The earmarking of more than â‚ ¬80 billion for investment in human capital in EU member states for the period 2014-2020 attests to it. Other objectives of the fund include: retraining unemployed people, starting special programmes for the disabled and other disadvantaged groups of citizens. In addition: supporting self-employed people who are just starting their businesses, developing employment service institutions and improving the quality of education in learning institutions.            Cohesion Fund (CF): The CF is mostly aimed at member states whose Gross National Income (GNI) per inhabitant is less than 90% of that of EU’s average. Its main aim is to minimize social and economic disparities and promoting sustainable development. The CF is also subject to the same regulations as the ERDF and ESF via the Common Provisions Regulation. For the programming period, 2014-2020, the CF concerns states such as the Czech Republic, Croatia, Latvia, Malta, Hungary, Slovakia and Slovenia. The CF allocates approximately â‚ ¬63.4 billion to various economic and social welfare projects. The Cohesion Fund is used to fund trans-European transport networks especially those identified as priorities by the EU. The funds can additionally be used to fund environment-friendly projects. These projects include those that benefit the environment in terms of renewable energy, supporting an inter-modality, and energy efficiency. If audits reveal that a member stat e has excessive public deficit and they are not taking steps to resolve the situation, the Cohesion Fund can be suspended by a Council Decision.            The European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD): The EAFRD covers; bio-energy, organic farming, forest resources, food safety, animal welfare, plant health and rural development programmes (RDPs). The EU requires its member states to build their RDPs upon not less than six set EU priorities. They include: Advancing knowledge transfer and innovation in the agricultural sector, forestry and rural areas. Improving the viability of all types of agriculture, and endorsing innovative farming technologies and sustainable forest management. Encouraging food chain organization, management of risk in agriculture and animal welfare. Protecting and developing ecosystems allied to agriculture and forestry. Shifting towards a low-carbon and climate-conscious economy in the food and agriculture sectors.            Each RDP identifies focus areas to set quantified targets for funds needed. Measures to achieve these targets and their individual fund allocations are paramount. RDPs’ also gets funding from private sectors that share the same ideologies. The implementation of funds is monitored and evaluated in detail.            European Maritime and Fisheries Fund (EMFF): The EMFF, formerly European Fisheries Fund (EFF), is used to fund the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP). The EMFF gives funding for the fishing industry and communities in the coastal regions. The CFP endeavors to make sure that fishing and aquaculture are sustainable; environmentally, economically and socially. Healthy fish and seafood is also paramount. Though important to maximize catches for business purposes, limits must be put in place. The CFP stipulates that limits should be set such that fish stocks are sustainable in the long-term. The CFP allows EU member states access to its waters and fishing grounds.            To enhance transparency in funding, the European Transparency Initiative was set up. A central web portal was created to collect and show data from all beneficiaries of EU funding; funds received and how the funds are being used. There is also an inventory of EU funding that shows the evaluations done and released by the Evaluation Services of all Twenty-Five EU member states. Applying for Funding in Selected Areas            Enterprise: small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) can obtain funding via grants, loans and guarantees. It is mostly through financial intermediaries in their member states. Grants usually account for fifty percent of project costs. Loan guarantees are given to microcredit organizations for loans of up to â‚ ¬25,000.            Non-profit organizations: they include non-governmental and civil society organizations. These organizations are eligible for funding as long as they are active in EU policy regions and a strictly non-profit basis (Council, 2007).            Young people: they are eligible for two types of funding; education and training, and youth funding. The former includes study opportunities through Erasmus+, scholarships for high school graduates, and occupational training in other countries. The latter includes co-funding youth projects that encourage civic involvement, charity work and a wider multicultural outlook.            Researchers: individuals and institutions involved in innovation and research projects are qualified to request for the funds. The European Union will provide roughly â‚ ¬80 billion in its quest to fund research. The funding typically takes the form of grants to finance partly a wide range of research and innovation projects.            Agriculture and fisheries: acquiring funds for such projects involves giving a general introduction, presenting financial reports, and giving information on the planned use of the funds. Direct funding is the most important and common type of funding in the EU member states.            Cultural and audiovisual sector: the main programme in this segment is culture: it has three main goals. They include promoting cross-border mobility of people working in the cultural sector, encouraging circulation of cultural, artistic output, and fostering intercultural dialogue (Evans & Foord, 1999).            Energy: funding is available for a number of sectors including solar and wind energies, bioenergy, renewable energy, clean coal projects and energy efficiency. Funds are also available for Trans-European Energy Networks (TEN-E), whose aim is to enhance transportation networks for electricity and gas across the European member states.            The structural funds and grants from the European Union Funds have impacted the lives of the citizens of its member states immensely. The standards of living of many citizens have risen noticeably due to the array of new employment opportunities created by the funds’ projects. Some of the projects’ success stories are noteworthy and have had a great impact to states and individuals. We will take a look at some examples of projects carried out using the funds so as to take note of their effects to their beneficiaries. ESF in the Czech Republic            The Czech Republic is among the less wealthy nations in the European Union member states. According to regulations, Czech could have drawn approximately â‚ ¬26.7 billion from the ESF in the programming period 2007-2013 in order to raise the standards of living of its people. However, the amount received from the ESF for that period is â‚ ¬3.8 billion. Together with national funding, the tally adds up to over â‚ ¬4.4 billion.            ESF funds help in three activities. The first is advancing education at all levels and enhancing its relevance to the job market. Secondly, the funds are used to enable many people to get employment, especially the disadvantaged. Lastly, they have helped build competitiveness of the Prague region.            The Czech Republic is using the funds to do away with obstacles that; for one reason or another, prevent people from getting a job. These people include; mothers with young children, older people, and the disabled and disadvantaged groups, like those with little or no professional skills. Many ESF projects across the nation are making access to training facilities easier and reducing some practical obstacles to work. Consequently, this is bringing a positive impact by lifting its citizens out of poverty (Fagan, 2005).            ESF funding is also helping improve the quality of education by scrutinizing standards, employing more competent teachers, and teaching job seekers only the needed skills by employers. Events such as science documentary film festivals and meetings with top Czech scientists are being used as platforms to encourage students to consider careers in science and technology. Just like other member states, the Czech Republic is struggling with the unemployment crisis. The ESF fund, however, has gone a long way in helping Czech citizens find jobs attributed to the various employment and educational projects initiated by the funds. Saving Lives: EU Funded Cancer Research Project            Physicians mostly wait for several months to assess whether cancer treatments that they are administering to their patients are actually working. By discovering a new technique that quickly reveals a tumor by checking consumption of glucose, an EU-funded project has reduced the delay. This discovery enables doctors to get more ‘precious’ time to switch to more effective forms of treatment if crucial; potentially saving many lives.            All cancer treatments do not work in every patient’s case. A tumor might reduce rapidly after a treatment, yet its assessment is complex. Several therapies may eliminate the cancer without reducing the size of the tumor. A delay in confirmation by a doctor may mean that by the next treatment, the patient may be a lot weaker, and the cancer advanced further (Eckhouse & Sullivan, 2006). Physicians want to assess immediately if the cancer is affected by a treatment, not just by measuring its size but through metabolic indicators. The EU-funded project, Imaging Lymphoma, has developed such an assessment. The innovation will be important in future cancer treatments as it makes it easier for doctors to treat their patients. Turning Food Waste into Animal Feed            The European Union is the source of 18% of food exports worldwide and with it comes a huge chunk of agricultural waste. This waste costs farmers and taxpayers’ money (Kraemer, Wilkinson, Klasing & Homeyer, 2002). An EU-funded research project NOSHAN wants to convert food waste into animal feed. The objective of the research is to open up new opportunities for farmers and reducing Europe’s dependence on animal feed imports. Additionally, new green jobs in agricultural waste collection and feed manufacturing will be created.            The NOSHAN project aims particularly at turning fruits, vegetables and dairy wastes into animal feed, and at low energy costs. The project is expected to conclude its research in 2016, and by that time, the research team will be able to have the best waste extraction and upgrading techniques. The NOSHAN project presents Europe’s agricultural sector with a prospect of attaining greater agricultural sustainability. The project has been awarded just under â‚ ¬3 million in the programming period 2007-2013. It brings together a University, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), research institutes and other industries. The NOSHAN project could also reduce the ever-increasing competition between food and feed sectors, both of which require water and land (Wolz, Hubbard, Mà ¶llers, Gorton & Buchenrieder, 2012). Revolutionizing the Transport Sector            EU-funded researchers have come up with groundbreaking proposals to prevent railway suicides and decrease disruption of services. If adopted, the proposals could save lives, money and time for railway companies and their passengers. Waiting for a train, and suddenly the service is called off or delayed indefinitely is something that train passengers have become accustomed to in the long run. Perhaps an accident; somebody fell onto the track, or they purposefully stepped in front of the track.            The EU-funded project, RESTRAIL, collected and analyzed the measures put in place by different EU member states to curb suicides and accidental deaths. The outcome of the research was that proposals that can save a lot of lives. Decision makers such as station managers or railway companies should have a set of the most efficient mitigation measures for every event. The tests they have conducted have created a toolbox for consultation on the best practices on each country. RESTRAIL guidelines could help reduce direct and indirect costs linked to railway suicides and accidents. ESF Fund in Slovakia            Slovakia is one of the fastest growing economies in the EU, but it faces several challenges such as high long-term unemployment levels. Nonetheless, Slovakia plans to increase the country’s employment rate to 72% by 2020. Slovakia has received â‚ ¬1.5 billion ESF funding for the period ended 2007-2013. In combination with national co-funding, they have raised a total of â‚ ¬1.76 billion. A variety of projects’ is being supported via the funding. Public employment facilities and services are being improved so as to reach as many slovaks as possible. Since 2007-2011, approximately 24,000 employment opportunities have been created and around 26,000 people have found employment via ESF supported measures.            Projects are also being implemented in the form of flood-dependence-programmes that offer up to 4,500 new jobs in 200 villages. ESF funding is helping reform the education system in Slovakia by ensuring that education is tailored to align with the evolving needs of the society. An example is a project that investigates the interests of young people and matches them to career guidance. ESF funded projects are facilitating the establishment of life-long-learning culture that natures skills of the Slovak citizens throughout their lives. For instance, a Slovak packaging company has used ESF funding to facilitate professional training of new skills, such as in quality and environmental standards, making them more adaptable and well equipped for their future careers.            The Roma people in Slovakia tend to live in segregated settlements and are more exposed to long-term unemployment compared to the average population, and also live in conditions of poverty. Thanks to ESF funding, social workers and assistants have been employed to work closely with them to help improve their circumstances (Guy & Kovats 2006). Setbacks and Doubts on the efficient use of EU Funds            One of the problems with EU funds is that in some cases, the money is allocated to projects that are neither necessary nor productive (Ã…  umpà ­kovà ¡, Pavel & Klazar, 2004). For instance, if a village wants to repair sidewalks in its region and would like to use EU funding for it, it is imperative that they formulate a supporting story. Let’s say, expansion of regional tourism. It means that, in addition to repairing the sidewalk, the money will also be spent to put up some signs with a map of village’s streets, which in the first place is not necessary. Some smart villages can even use the funds to renovate an old library and rename it to the Tourist Information Center, and stow some pamphlets there, in case some tourists do show up.            Another predicament is deformation of industrial and consumer environment. When a firm receives funding to build, say, a grocery store, its neighbors who have the similar business plans receive nothing.            A further problem is that national ministries of some states like say, Slovakia, are reluctant to delegate control of EU funds to lower governance levels. The central governments do not trust the ability of their municipalities and regional authorities to implement the funds timely and effectively. There have been cases where regional authorities have mixed implementation of policies, to say the least. Nevertheless, Slovakia has not been able to create any efficient mechanisms for decision-making and management of public funds (Guy & Kovats, 2006). Conclusion            Funds drawn from the European Union have increased employment opportunities, bolstered the education sectors of beneficiaries and led to the growth of economies. Additionally, funding the transport sector, research and innovation projects have led to groundbreaking discoveries in the agricultural, health and transport sectors among others. The number of lives saved and projected to save by some of these discoveries is amazing. Nonetheless, the funding has not been without a few controversies. Some parties have tried to take advantage of corrupt officials to leverage some money for themselves leading to misuse and undertaking of dubious projects. An honest culture should be created to ensure appropriate use of funds. The European Union funding goal is to ensure that beneficiaries spend money in a transparent, accountable manner. It is thus the duty of all beneficiaries to make it a reality. References Council, T. R. D. (2007). European Union Funding.Eckhouse, S., & Sullivan, R. (2006). A survey of public funding of cancer research in the European Union. PLoS Medicine, 3(7), e267. Evans, G., & Foord, J. (1999). European funding of culture: promoting common culture or regional growth?. Cultural Trends, 9(36), 53-87. Fagan, A. (2005). Taking stock of civil-society development in post-communist Europe: Evidence from the Czech Republic. Democratization, 12(4), 528-547. Guy, W., & Kovats, M. (2006). EU-funded Roma programmes: Lessons from Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic. London: Minority Rights Group International. Kraemer, R. A., Wilkinson, D. G., Klasing, A., & von Homeyer, I. (2002). EU Environmental Governance: A Benchmark of Policy Instruments. With a focus on Agriculture, Energy and Transport. Study commissioned by the Belgian Federal Department of the Environment. No. ECOLOGIC, Berlin.Ã…  umpà ­kovà ¡, M., Pavel, J., & Klazar, S. (2004, May). EU funds: absorption capacity and effectiveness of their use, with focus on regional level in the Czech Republic. In Conference proceedings of the 12 th NISPAcee Conference. Wolz, A., Hubbard, C., Mà ¶llers, J., Gorton, M., & Buchenrieder, G. (2012). Patterns behind rural success stories in the European Union: Major lessons of former enlargements (No. 68). Studies on the agricultural and food sector in Central and Eastern Europe. Source document

The Failure Of War By Wendell Berry

Wendell Berry, in his essay ‘The Failure of War,’ claims that ‘modern war does not work as a solution to any problem except retribution,’ and that it promotes a vicious cycle of violence and other social problems. Supporters for war will claim that war answers the dilemma of national defense. But the agnostic, in return, will solicit to what level the cost even of a triumphant war of national defense—in life, wealth, material, foods, health, and liberty—may amount to a national overwhelm. National defense by way of war constantly entails some quantity of national defeat. Militarization in defense of freedom downsizes the freedom of the apologists. There is a crucial contradiction between war and freedom.In a contemporary war, fought with modern armaments and on the modern scale, neither side can bound to â€Å"the adversary† the harm that it does. These wars ruin the humanity. Modern war has not only made it unworkable to kill â€Å"opp onents† without massacring â€Å"non-warriors,† it has made it ineffectual to destroy your foe without spoiling yourself. Modern wars have usually been fought to end war; they have been fought for the sake of peace.To Berry most appalling weapons have been prepared, seemingly, to maintain and assure the peace of the world. â€Å"All we want is peace,† we utter as we increase inexorably our aptitude to make war. Yet in the last part of a century in which we have fought two combats to end war and numerous more to prevent war and keep peace, and in which scientific and hi-tech evolution has made war ever more horrifying and less manageable, we still, by policy, confer no contemplation to nonviolent approach of national defense. We stick to the discouraging paradox of making peace by producing war.Capital chastisement sinks us all to the same level of primal aggression, at which an act of brutality is rebuked by another deed of aggression. What the justifiers of thes e feats overlook is the fact—fixed by the history of quarrels; steer clear of the history of war—that belligerence raises violence. Operations of violence committed in â€Å"fairness† or in assertion of â€Å"rights† or in resistance of â€Å"peace† do not impede violence. They set up and justify its prolongation.The most hazardous fallacy of the parties of violence is the notion that endorsed violence can put off or control illegal violence. If we devote to these small irrationalities the enormity of worldwide relations, we make, predictably, a few much larger idiocies. In â€Å"foreign† wars, we do not explicitly experience the harm that we wreak upon the rival. We pay monies to sanction the war, but that is nothing new, for we shell out war levies in era of peace as well.Quite the reverse, war is the great solution and opening of our corporate economy, which keeps going and prospers upon war. And thus great costs are engrossed in our fixa tion on war, but the overheads are â€Å"externalized† as â€Å"tolerable losses.† Romantic separatists, which are to say most protectors for war, always contain in their public speeches mathematics or an accounting of war. The supportable price, at last, is suchlike is paid.It is straightforward to see the likeness between this accounting of the cost of war and our normal accounting of the price of improvement. Now with less fret (to date) it is observed world subjugation by global capitalism. Nevertheless its political means are milder than those of Leninism, this lately internationalized capitalism may attest even more harsh to human mores and communities, of liberty, and of environment. To Berry people would be less incongruous if the leaders would believe in good faith the verified surrogates to violence.

System Forensics

System forensics is the process of systematically examining computer media as well as network components, software, and memory for evidence. System forensics involves collecting, preserving, analyzing, and documenting evidence to reconstruct user actively. Appropriately collected evidence Is often presented In court to solve criminal cases and prosecute criminals. 2. How has technology improved the way criminal investigators perform their job?Technology improved the way criminal investigators perform their jobs by making it easier to track things, there is different types of software out there today to help them with these issues, and make the Jobs easier, when you have different technology to help. 3. Why would a company report or not report a compromise case? The reason a company may or may not report a compromise because If It's not in their favor and they may report It If It's In their favor and vice versa. They wouldn't want to look Incompetent. 4. Who Is In charge of labeling a nd securing sensitive Information?The one In charge of labeling and securing sensitive information is the forensic specialist. 5. What is the Daubers standard? The Daubers Standard provides a rule of evidence regarding the admissibility of expert witnesses' testimony during united States federal legal proceedings. 6. Why would someone use a hex editor in a forensic investigation? The reason someone would use a hex editor in a forensic Investigation is if the suspect has deleted files and has overwritten them on his or her hard disk, you can always use a hex editor to view any data stored In (or deleted from) both files and disk sectors.A hex editor allows you to peek at the physical contents stored on a disk, regardless of he boundaries of files, directories, or partitions. 7. What is the largest known data loss incident to date? The largest known data loss incident to date Adobe systems, Inc – 10-3-2013, 8. What group runs tallboys? Open Security Foundation runs tallboys. 9. On the website Tallboys. Org, of the largest 20 incidents, how many of them were computer hacks as opposed to other Issues like stolen laptops and lost drives? 1% of the Incidents were computer hacks as opposed to the other Issues. 10. What built-Len Windows tool Is used to manage the Encrypted File System (FEES)? The certificates is was is used to manage the FEES.. . What is the presumption of innocence? All people accused off crime are legally presumed to be innocent until they are convicted, either in a trial or as a result of pleading guilty. This presumption means not only that the prosecutor must convince the Jury of the defendant's guilt, but also that the defendant need not say or do anything in his own defense.If the prosecutor can't convince the Jury that the defendant is guilty, the defendant goes free. 2. The presumption of innocence, coupled with the fact that the prosecutor must prove the defendant's guilt beyond a reasonable doubt, makes it difficult for the overspen t to put innocent people behind bars. 3. What is hearsay and provide an example when Computer evidence can be considered hearsay? â€Å"Hearsay' refers to statements made outside of court of law an example of Computer evidence that is considered hearsay is 4.What is system integrity? System integrity is the state of a system where it is performing its intended functions without being degraded or impaired by changes or disruptions in its internal or external environments 5. What skills are required by an expert witness? The skills required by an expert witness are: A background in law, law enforcement, or investigation. A membership in professional associations of computer forensic examiners, formal training, and certification. A thorough knowledge of the subject matter and tools.Investigators must understand the kind of potential evidence they sought and analyzed and understand the tools they used to gather and preserve evidence. They should be accurate, truthful and impartial. 6. Locate and read the opinion Daubers v. Merrill DOD Pharmaceuticals. What was the case about? The Daubers v. Merrill DOD Pharmaceuticals was about two children ho had been born with birth defects and their parents sue Merrill DOD Pharmaceuticals Inc, claiming that the drug Benedictine caused the birth defects. 7. What was the outcome of the case?The district court granted summary Judgment for Merrill DOD, and Daubers and Schuler appealed to the Ninth Circuit. 8. What previous Supreme Court ruling was superseded by the Federal Rules of Evidence as the standard for admitting expert scientific testimony? The previous Supreme Court ruling was superseded by the Federal Rules of Evidence as the standard for admitting expert scientific testimony was the Fryer's â€Å"general acceptance† Daubers puts the responsibility of the admissibility of evidence by placing the Judge in the role of â€Å"gatekeeper†.

Ethics in Organization, Reflection assignment based on short article Essay

Ethics in Organization, Reflection assignment based on short article - Essay Example The value of integrity helps me to discover that I have a self-accountability for the things I do and it stimulates my thinking in being a good person to everyone. It reminds me that I should be responsible for all the things that I do and the value of openness helps me to share what I do and I believe so that I may be responsible in my life. Through it, I am able to make clear all the things that I do in my life and what others can see. According to Palmer (2004), there is a clear difference between wholeness or undivided life and perfection. While perfection means strict adherence to the set out rules without failure, wholeness means that there could be failure in a person but embracing them and using them to learn what a person can do in future is what should be the most important. According to Palmer (2004), perfection implies elimination of all mistakes but wholeness implies their presence but with a way of learning from them. Perfection may not be a reasonable goal and people should aspire to attain wholeness, which would imply having a clear conscious in doing all things. In my life, I have some things that make it difficult to live a â€Å"whole† life. These factors include the corporate culture; economic factors that emphasize on making maximum profit in any venture and weaknesses in the legal system that have little to offer for the people who commit crimes. Some others factors in my life make me not to bring my inner truth to the outer world and these may include the fear of opposition and challenge, the penalties for falling short of the requirement and I am protective of the status people that people have given me in society. One factor in my life with which I need deal is fear of opposition and challenge in leading a life of integrity and wholeness. I can deal with it through accepting that I am not perfect and that I can make mistakes. The other thing I can do is to be mindful of what I do as a person even when I am alone. I

Tools and Methods of Psychology in the Workplace Essay

Tools and Methods of Psychology in the Workplace - Essay Example As   we   attempt   to   develop   screening   and   selection   batteries   for   the   future   , not   only   must   they   be   valid   and   reliable   but   they   must   also   fall   within   current   legal   guidelines, which   is   an   arduous task   . This learner feels  that psychological practitioners in order to  contribute must be  well  informed  about many legal guidelines; because these laws are  work-related laws that psychological  practitioners  or psychologist must abide by now and beyond the future. This   learner   feels   that   psychological   practitioners   can   contribute   by   helping   to   create   and   implement   selection   procedures   that   are   predictive,   practical, cost   effective, and   legally   defensible. In addition those   practitioners   can   also   contribute   by   searching   for   vali d   and   unbiased   assessment   methods   , because   those   methods   has   become   a   crucial   issue   in   personnel   selection   ( Schmidt, 1993). ... Structural interviews, which measure a variety of skills and abilities, particularly  non-cognitive  skills, 3. Work samples  which measure job skills such as planning  and  organizing   . , and 4. Assessment centers measure knowledge , skills , and abilities through a series of work samples   / exercises that reflect job content and types of problems faced on the job , cognitive ability tests , personality inventories , and or   job knowledge   tests   . This  learner feels that the most important  fact is the validity and reliability of the tool and the impact that it will have on  applicants. According  to Schmidt and Hunter, combining a general mental ability measure with  a structural interview or with a work sample is likely to yield  the highest  composite validity . (Schmidt & Hunter, 1998). Compare  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   and   Contrast   a skill , competencies , or tool   and its   implementation   by   either   a human   resource   manager   or   a   psychological   practitioner   . This   learner   would   choose   the   " Cognitive   Ability   Test " , which is a tool that is used   by   psychological   practitioners because   it   measures   mental   abilities   such as   logic   , reading   comprehension   , verbal or   mathematical   reasoning   and   perceptual   abilities   . Cognitive  ability test is implemented by  paper and pencil  or  computer based  instruments. This    tool   carries   a   very   high   validity   rate   when   compared   to   " Conscientiousness   tool   " , which   measures   the   personality   trait   and   is   implemented   by   typically   with   multiple   -choice   or   true   / false   formats   . This learner  , would   use   the help   of a competency   model   that many skills that most applicants should have when

Society Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Society - Assignment Example The invention of the steam engine accelerated industrial revolution in Europe and later the entire world. However, although the intended purpose of this invention was met, there were other side effects due to the invention, and all this will be discussed in this write up. Keywords: Steam Engine, Invention, Science, Society, Inventor, Industrial Revolution, History of Steam Engine The power of steam is given credit for its earlier and current application in the power industry. Long ago, steam power made a lot of difference in industries, it still does. Its history is dated back to the first century. There were a lot of life challenges that required innovations to reduce the human labour and increase production. Miners during the 18th century faced a lot of challenges relating to the mining industry; they had to look for the ways of overcoming these obstacles. Their effort for minimizing challenges led to the introduction of steam energy to pump water from deep mines; this slowly trans formed to the fully developed steam engine (â€Å"Industrial History: The History of the Steam Engine,† 2013). Before the introduction of steam, power was obtained through wind, animals, and water. The steam engine was the first form of power generated by human beings (â€Å"A Brief History of Steam Power,† n.d.). Steam engine invention is not credited to one single individual, every inventor put in some small effort and with time, there was an improvement. One of the important principles used in the development of the steam engine was the principle of condensation of water vapor so that it could create a vacuum. In the steam engine, water and water vapor are the key ingredients, â€Å"work is done by the pressure which the substance exerts while its volume is undergoing change† (Ewing, 2013, p. 2). Historical Development of Steam Engines The historic development of the steam engine defines the beginning and the progress of the steam engine invention. It started with the need to have more power to solve the issues that were at hand. First, there was a lot of cold, people wanted to get warmth therefore they had to invent fire, as life went on, there were other developments in the industrial sector, for example for glass makers, there was a lot of firewood to be used in these glass industries, and since there were large forests around, the firewood was to be used to provide heat in the furnaces. As the needs increased, requirements for fuel also increased to meet the requirements of the increasing operations. Coal was then invented; a furnace that generated higher temperatures and used less fuel was invented by Abraham Darby (â€Å"A Brief History of Steam Power,† n.d.). Pumps were then needed to drain the coal mines. During the 1600’s, a German scientist called Otto Van Guericke invented the first air pump; this was after his discovery of gas as the third matter. He realized that he could remove air from a glass globe, leaving behind an empty space called a vacuum. Later on, he discovered static electricity and abandoned his work on pumps and vacuums, with this, he was already setting up some pace for the invention of the steam engine, although he had no idea about it. The progress that he had already made was enough for Denis Papin to pick up the idea about a piston and cylinder. His idea was that if air

ISO Standards and Excellence - reflection ( CLO 3 ) Essay

ISO Standards and Excellence - reflection ( CLO 3 ) - Essay Example This certification is so objective (making it more credible and reliable) that ISO itself does not do the certification but a third party certification body that cannot be certified by ISO. This removes conflict of interest and undue influence. This certification process involves an audit in evaluating the company’s standards vis-Ã  -vis audit criterial established. This is a continuous process to ensure that quality and improvement is maintained. The benefits of having ISO certified are many. Having quality as a standard obviously meets if not exceed customer’s requirements and this means increased customer satisfaction leading to more business and more profit for the company and able to articulate its processes. Getting an ISO certification is not easy when I did a review on the audit process. But considering the benefits of the certification to the company and its long-term viability as a business organization, ISO is no longer just a quality certificate that a company may opt but an imperative in today’s very competitive environment because it wears the badge of credibility and

Media Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media Analysis - Essay Example When presenting an  advertisement, there are usually a set of rules meant to  govern  what and what not to be included in the advertisement. The rules are there to  keep  the  advertisement  from being â€Å"bad†. An advertisement should not encourage any vices, should not be  racist, and should not promote violence and so on. To ensure that this does not happen, there are media ethics that are there to be followed (Ward 6). Media ethics are a  set  of  rule  expected to be followed by journalist, should be based on ethics of universal  being (Ward 6). They should be  keen  on the well being of the human being. Without the ethical foundation, relativism undermines the  conception  of the right and makes  our  practices  unreasonable. In the case of advertising, there might be a difference in understanding, and judging an  advertisement  because of several things; it might be the  environment  one  has been brought  up in, it might be a difference in age, level of education, and so on. In this paper, I  intend  to  break  down two cigarette advertisements and  show  the  significance  of my findings. I will also discuss the appeals used and whether they are ethical or not. In the first advertisement, the chesterfield cigarette  commercial, there is the use of animation and humor. A King intends to  knight  a loyal  subject  if he can  confess  that the chesterfield king is the best. The loyal subject seems  desperate  to be knighted that even if he does not know much about the king of chesterfield, he does not admit it. He  is helped  by the king’s advisor and impresses the king. The king’s advisor warns the  king  to use his  flat  side of the  sword  to avoid what happened the last time. As the advisor warns the king, he mimics the  cutting  of a throat. As the king, knights the loyal subject, he swings his sword powerfully and chops o ff the  loyal  subject’s head.  In the advertisement, the king represents the  cigarette, the loyal  subject  represents the smoker, and the advisor represents the luring of the smoker to smoking.  The smoker seeks the  pleasure  of the  cigarette  when he goes to be knighted; the  king  who is the  cigarette  gives the pleasure but eventually kills the smoker. In the advertisement, there is more concentration on the good  side  of smoking (knighted) than the bad side. It is not clear whether the  loyal  subject is the killed. Smoking  is well known  all over the world as  unhealthy, despite that people still smoke. In the second advertisement, Flintstones for Winston cigarette there is the use of animation and an  immensely  popular cartoon character (Fred Flintstone). He  is then brought  out as a loyal customer of the Winston cigarette. The seller of the  cigarette  still goes into details about the uniqueness of the cigarette despite Fred Flintstone being  familiar  to the cigarette. He puts the  cigarette  on Fred’s mouth and calls it  practice. The  cigarette  is portrayed  as a sweet cigarette with a good length, making it better than the rest of the cigarettes. Unlike the chesterfield advertisement, this advertisement concentrates solely on the goodness of the cigarette. Analysis of the two advertisements In the chesterfield cigarette  advertisement, it is  significant  to  note  the use of animation on the advertisement. Although the  advertisement  has tried to portray the

Why was democracy facing collapse in the wake of the Great War Research Paper

Why was democracy facing collapse in the wake of the Great War - Research Paper Example Although it was meant to make the world safe for democracy from the destruction that millions of civilians recruited for the war experienced and lost their lives, some empires collapsed and some civilians were left homeless from the civil war, the western economies, trade patterns and flow of goods were interfered in the regions.1 In the long run, the democracy struggled for, faced numerous obstacles in operation and seemed unsafe in application with the consequences of the war. The introduction of democracy in most nations involved in the First World War had not strongly been established, and their effectiveness was not appreciated by the people being governed within the short period. Instead, they opted for the former autocratic leadership, which between the WW1 and WW2 some forms of government that exercised full control of the people, the society, and state affairs were formed in some states that failed to retain democracy. According to Brym and Lie, the aftermath of the war, within 1922 to 1942 under the totalitarian rule, 2/3 of the world’s democracies failed because of the communists, fascists and military movements. 2The rule suppressed the rights and will of the people to express themselves in all activities, including occupational, social, and political affairs. Germans, Italians, and Russians democracies were overthrown by the totalitarian or authoritarian rules that imposed dictatorship in the states. In Germany, where the political leadership has a long history of shifts between democracy and dictatorship, the social democratic party that had led to the establishment of the first democratic constitution and government was undermined by the existing legislative house, the reaction of the people due its signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, and further by the rebellions from the communists. 3 The national socialists (Nazis) later got the opportunity

Social Welfare, Democracy and Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Social Welfare, Democracy and Government - Essay Example Under the democratic system, election becomes a political obligation because it is the process where the public chooses who and how the government should be managed. It is the process wherein the voting public are given the chance to choose people that will represent them. It consolidates the voice and opinion of the populace and transforms these into what is called the political representation (Watt 2006). Ergo, political representation defines the value of the act of voting that in effect produces a political contract. It is a contract between those who govern and being governed. It ensures that the interest and welfare of the people will be the primary responsibility in managing the state’s affairs. As a political obligation, widespread participation during election also seals responsibility and accountability for those people elected in position (Bernard Manin 1999). It is through the votes casted by majority of the people that that a nation can ensure that its government will act on the best interest of the people. The accountability of the governments is in the hands of voters that can distinguish whether governments are acting in their interest and can be sanctioned accordingly. Thus, voters enable responsibility for government performance. A person’s right to vote is a powerful weapon that can sanction incumbent and can place more competent candidates. When it comes to policy-making electoral procedures, such as referendum among others, the exercise of the right to vote can make a big difference, thus it is imperative (Chandler 2001). The right to vote is also a social responsibility because this is a citizen’s direct commitment and contribution to the whole gamut of the democratic process. Broad participation during elections guarantees that candidates are being elected with confidence. The right to vote did not come naturally. Two decades ago, one has to be white, male, powerful and wealthy to be able to vote. The attainment of th e public’s right to cast their votes and their voices be heard is the product of a long history of men and women for civil and political right. For some countries, the struggle for their rights to vote was accompanied by their struggle for national sovereignty and independence. There were people who suffered persecution and even death in asserting and demanding this right. In the United Kingdom, during the 1800, only three percent of the adult population was entitled to vote – those who are rich and male. By 1832, it merely increased to five percent as certain leaseholders and householders were allowed to vote. With the Second Reform Act in 1867, it again increased to 13 percent as voting was extended in counties and boroughs. It was only in 1918 through the Representation of the People Act that all men over the age of 21 were allowed to vote. Women were also given the right to vote, but only if they are over the age of 30. Women also could sit in the House of Commons. In fairness, UK is one of the first countries that implemented the reform allowing women to participate in the election. In 1928, women were given the same voting rights as men by allowing all adults over the age of 21 to vote. In 1969, the voting age was lowered to 18 years of age.

Oppurtunities for Waste Minimization and Their Implementation Essay

Oppurtunities for Waste Minimization and Their Implementation - Essay Example Therefore, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has instituted its hierarchy of waste minimization ways, which include reduction, recycling, and treatment. Most organizations such as hospitals and schools aim at preserving the balance between the environment, and protecting people’s health. Also, in most organizations people must comply with environmental, safety, and health laws and regulations issued by the local, state and federal agencies. Thus, this paper will identify opportunities for waste minimization and implementation within an organization. This will include explanation and application of waste minimization methods in the National Fuel Gas Company, and structure and reasoning of the case for and against the implementation. National Fuel Gas Company is a holding company that was incorporated in 1902. It operates in four segments of business, which include utility segment, pipeline and storage, exploration and production, and energy marketing segme nt. The company operates its own natural gas treating and processing, as well as gathering pipeline facilities. Each of the four segments has its own function under different management. The utility segment operations are conducted by the national fuel gas distribution corporation, which sells and provides transportation of natural gas services. The pipeline and storage segment operations are done by the national fuel gas supply corporation, which provides transportation and storage natural gas. Moreover, the exploration and production segment is conducted by Seneca Resources Corporation, which focuses on the development of purchase of natural gas and oil reserves, while the energy marketing segment operations are done by the national fuel resources that markets natural gas. Waste minimization methods Waste minimization is considered the most effective and beneficial operating procedure. For instance, in a natural gas treating and processing plant, there are many economical and tech nical, waste minimization methods that can be used. For this reason, many oil and gas operators have discovered several waste minimization opportunities and implemented them. Thus, they are enjoying the benefits such as increased revenue, reduced operating and waste management costs, reduced regulatory compliance concerns, improved company image and public relations and reduced potential liability concerns. According to Cheremisinoff (1995), there are three key methods of waste minimization, which include source reduction also known as pollution prevention, recycling, and treatment. Source reduction is the most sought-after method of waste minimization, which reduces or eliminates the generation contaminants at the source, or release of chemical waste from the source. It involves the reduction of the impact of chemical wastes on the environment to the greatest extent. The recycling method is also a desirable approach in waste minimization in which the waste material that is used for a certain purpose is treated and reused in the same or another process. Source reduction and recycling, form the waste minimization. Treatment is the last waste minimization method. It can be conducted in laboratories through elementary neutralization, or through other processes such as chemical,

Book of Life Essay Example for Free

Book of Life Essay Human Resource Management A Review of Training Methods at Capital One Corporation(choose ur company) Summary 0 Introduction 0 The Training Manager(responsible for delivering training)- talk about training manager and his responsibilities 0 Mode of Training Delivery at Capital One Corporation-I . talk about how training could be delivered to meet the needs of workers 2. Talk about the type of delivering method you think will help the rganisation, either instructor led method or self- placed method and state why u think the method you chose will be beneficial to the other. 0 Identification of Training Needs . Talk about identification of training needs and its importance. 0 Conclusion 0 Recommendations 0 References Personal and Managerial Effectiveness Challenges of workforce diversity in Sony Corporation(choose ur company) Introduction 0 Workforce Diversity (Sony Corporation)- 1 . alk about the company ure using

Apple Competitive Strategy

Apple Competitive Strategy Apples practices, procedures and policies reflect the differentiation strategy to target the wide range of customers as the overall competitive strategy of the company. The company serves a wide range of differentiated product to the customers ranging from the classy power user to the new first time users. The differentiation is based on unique design, reliable quality and customer services driven by high customer values. The innovation strategy allows the improvements in new product development and development in the existing products. The differentiation strategy provides such innovative products to a wider range of customers. Through the integration of these strategies the company aims to meet the demand evolving in the market. The implementation of unique designing and development of operating system and software has been a source of strong competitive advantage. The company has diversified its market to digital electronics and computer market in addition to personal media player industry as the target market which proves that the strategies of the company are still at evolving stage due to new diversified market. Apples has also entered to the tablet industry through the products such as iPad and mobile industry through the products such as iPhone (Masi, 2009). Question 2: What are the key elements of Apples strategy in computers, personal media players, and Smartphone? Have its strategies in its core businesses yielded success? Explain. Answer: The business strategy of Apple aims to design and develop its own OS, hardware, software applications and services uniquely which facilitates the customers with the innovative and new product solutions having unique features such as easy usage, flawless additions, and innovative designs. The companys strategy of continual improvement and research and development leads to the development of new innovative product which enhances the market position of the company. With the integration of the strategy, the company consistently builds and hosts the dynamic platform for identifying and releasing the third party digital content and its application through various stores of iTunes. This store comprises of the Apps store and iBookstore which helps the users to use and access the third party applications either in MAC or through iPhone, iPad, or iPod touch. The company strategy also includes the expansion of distribution channels so as to enhance its wide customers reach, high quality service s and after sales services to the customers. The company has also uniquely positioned itself as a superior and highly incorporated digital lifestyle and productivity solution provider (APPLE INC FORM 10-K (Annual Report), 2011). Question 3: What does a competitive strength assessment reveal about Apples computer business, as compared to the leaders in the personal computer industry? Use the methodology in Table 4.2 to support your answer. Does it appear that the companys competitive positions in personal media players and Smartphone or stronger or weaker than its position in computers? Answer: Competitive strength assessment of the company reveals following factors as the strength of the company: Highly Differentiated Business Strategy: The company provides highly differentiated product to its wide range of customer in highly diversified market including personal computer, Tablets, mobile, portable media player industry. It also provides highly innovative and new product integrating with its own hardware, software and designs to solve the problems of the customers and meet their demands (Danesi, 2011). Diversified Product Offering: Apple provides its various products in multiple market segments i.e. MP3 players market, PC market, Tablet Market, and other wireless communications market within the digital and consumer electronic industry. Apple is considered as the true innovator in the consumer electronic industry and this has exposed the existing products to gigantic market opportunities (Danesi, 2011). Other strengths: Other strengths of the company as per the advisors and critics are as follows: Apple Hardware Design. Apple Marketing. Leadership. Competitive Advantage (Apples Competitive Advantage, 2004). The market analysis suggest that the Apple stands at 3rd position in the PC market with the market share of 10.6 % while in the mobile market, it stands at second position with 24.2 % of market share. The company holds the share of 78 % in the overall media player market. This reveals that the market share of the company in this industry is much stronger than the personal computer industry (Slivka, 2012) (Keene, 2012) (Macale, 2011) Question 4: Does it make good strategic sense for Apple to be a competitor in the computer, personal media player, Smartphone, and tablet computer industries? Are the value chain activities that Apple performs in computers, personal media players, tablet computers and Smartphone very similar and compatible or are there very important differences from product to product? Which of the four products linescomputers, tablet computers, personal media players, or Smartphonedo you think is most important to Apples future growth and profitability? Why? Answer: The value chain of the Apple Inc suggest that the company is efficiently handling the chain of activities in innovative and design leading to management of all the activities and operations which provides it a great competitive advantage. The procedure at Apple Inc is moved in following manner: As per the market growth and stock report, the iPhone generates 42.1 % of the total revenue for the company while iPad generates 21.8% of the total revenue. Mac Contribution to the total revenue is 18.9 % while iPod contributes for the generation of 7.3% of the revenue and other peripheral services contributes 9.8 % of the revenue. From this data, it is clear that the Smartphone market and revenue share is the highest contributing segment for the company. However equal emphasize should be given to all the other segments also in order to achieve the total competitive advantage (Danesi, 2011). Question 5: What is your assessment of Apple Computers financial performance the past three years? Answer: The above graph depicts that the profitability of the company increases form 25 % to 40 % consecutively from 2006 to 2009. The graph also depicts that the revenue of the company have been increased from 10 billion to 17 billion in due course of time which depicts that the company is continuously growing with the total competitive advantage of the global international market. The ratio analysis suggests that: The current ratio of the company is continuously increasing showing the increase of current assets and decrease in current liabilities with some downturn in the year of 2009. Debt equity ratio remains the same with small fluctuations which shows that the company is balancing effectively between the current liabilities and the shareholders wealth. Efficiency ratio and debtor turnover ratio is continuously increasing with a certain down turn in the year of 2009 which shows that credit sales are going down and cash sales are increasing (Apple Inc). Question 6: What recommendations would you make to allow Apple to strengthen its position in its most important markets? What steps should it take to ensure that the iPad becomes a success in the marketplace and a major contributor to the companys overall performance? Answer: Following recommendations are being recommended for the company in order to strengthen its position in the market: The Ultimate Convergence Device. Modern Medical Device Platform. Environmental and social efforts in partnership. Dual Band GSM/ CDMA iPhone Worldwide. Collaborative Recycling benefits. Capturing Convergence Device Market. iTune Stores eBook Distribution. Implementing First party quality check in OEM Factories. Productive use of unused cash. Continues implementation of expansion strategy. Differentiated Lifestyle Branding. Following strategies are recommended for iPad: Flash player should be added as one of its feature. It should also be comprised of USB and camera. It should be compatible with the iPhone applications. Develop a separate marketing strategy for iPad.

My Trip To Egypt

My Trip To Egypt It was my grandmothers 70th Birthday in May this year and my Mum, my sister Sophie and my Mums three sisters decided to have a girly long weekend in Dorset during the May half term. Consequently, my Dad and I had most of the week on our own. My Dad came up with a few options of places to go ranging from Paris to Rome but also suggested going to Cairo. As I have always wanted to go to Cairo and see ancient Egypt, I thought that this was a brilliant idea and a fabulous gift from my Dad and I readily agreed to the trip. It was a five hour flight to Cairo and my Mum drove us to the nearest underground station for us to reach Heathrow airport in time for our early morning flight of course the anticipation was killing me as and I desperately wanted to see what an Arab country was like, especially one with all the mysteries of the ancient world that I imagined Egypt to have. We enjoyed the flight I enjoy my Dads company as he is such a good story teller and of course, he had been to Egypt about 20 years before so was telling me about all the things I could expect I couldnt wait! When we stepped off the airplane, the first thing I could feel was the intense heat that was thrown against my face and it seemed to suck the moisture from not only my face but seemed to reach right into my mouth and towel dry my tongue I knew then that I was in a desert country. When we stepped off of the tarmac into the custom hall, the first culture shock hit me and I have never seen so many guns pointing at me as if I was public enemy number one, although on the other hand, it seemed like I was the prime minister arriving! My Dad had arranged for us to be met by a personal driver, and he treated us like visiting royalty, escorting us to the car, looking after our luggage and settling us in for the journey. Although we arent used to that kind of service at home (well apart from my Mum!!), for comfortably-off Westerners with our standard of living this was probably just an average means of transport. I was really interested in seeing Cairo as we drove to our hotel and while it was not immediately as spectacular compared to some of the cities I have visited, it seemed a fairly average city with a lot of slums, colourful graffiti, stray dogs but balanced with some fairly modern buildings too. On the next day my Dad and I decided to visit the market, which was called the Khan E Khali Bazaar and which had a range of shops and stalls that I had never seen before with most of the goods on offer being so cheap that I felt that I could virtually buy the whole bazaar. I bought a lot of souvenirs right away as this was one of the aims of my visit I am a great shopper and collector, especially on holiday, and this visit was going to be no exception! The market was based near the citys main Egyptian museum, is one of the major areas of Cairo and which houses all the mummies and Egyptian artefacts, which are of course key to defining the history of Egypt. The sun was scorching and I felt as if I was inside an oven, but suffering the heat was worth it we ended up spending most of the morning in the colourful, bustling market, taking refuge in the little tea-rooms and of course buying about three shopping bags of a wide range of goodies to take home, for example I bought an old Egypt ian coin which in this country would be worth a lot of money because it is an ancient artefact. The texture of the coin was very rough; I made me think of all the hands it must have been through. I also allowed my imagination to wander and dream about the very strong sun in the sky, beating down on the coin; how many hardworking slaves in Ancient Egypt had stood where I stood now with the sun beating down on them as they toiled in the heat and the dust all those centuries ago, battling with famine and the anxiety of not knowing if theyd see another day? The smells of anywhere new is always something that lodges in your memory and this was no different; we visited a perfume shop that had a whole range of intoxicating perfumed oils and lotions and we bought a full set of different liquids all in their own intricately made glass bottles to take back home to my Mum and Sister. There were so many different spices and perfumes and I just know that when I smell any of these intoxicating aromas, or the smell of meat mixed with the aroma of jasmine and various herbs of the Arabic world, this will remind me of various soap shops that we walked past. Also, I think that the smell of raw meat reminds me of walking past open meat stalls in various supermarkets, such as, Asda, Tesco and Sainsburys I will be instantly transported back to that busy market! We had a really full and interesting day but eventually decided to head back to the hotel and take an afternoon nap so that we would be in the best shape to be ready for a lovely dinner in the hotel in the evening. After a long and relaxing sleep, the next morning, we decided to visit what is called the Gem of Egypt and the world famous pyramids. There were many more pyramids than I expected as there are actually three major ones and three smaller ones. The one I liked best was one known as the step pyramid as this was a major landmark in history for the Egyptians. I cannot imagine how long it would have taken to construct these Wonders of the World. Again my mind wandered back to the Egypt of 3000 years ago when I tried to imagine what it would have been like to be part of the many thousands of poor slaves who were forced to build these massive constructions; I was finding difficult just to stand or walk in this intense heat how hard would it be to pull massive stone blocks into place, or using rope and tackle having to pull the stones up and into their place and then to have these monuments to hard labour stand for thousands of years the whole scene and where it stood in history was mind bl owing. Another equally impressive installation sitting serenely nearby was of course the Sphinx which dominates the pyramids with its beauty and its uniqueness. To see and touch the Sphinx had been one of my life long ambitions and of course, I had to buy a memento a small replica of the beautiful monument, although this souvenir had been painted. Although this is not currently the case, whos to say it wasnt originally painted? At the end of this long, hot and sweaty day making tiring journeys to, from and inside the pyramids, I desperately needed a shower and then we had a relaxing meal and after dinner drink by the moonlit pool (although did have to battle the treacherous nightlife in the form of mosquitoes!), we repeated our pattern of fairly early night and off to bed. Lying in bed of an evening, I heard various different noises of the Arabic world, my imagination was very much alive this holiday due to the lack of internet, television and video games, I had a lot of time to think and reflect on what might have gone on in the surroundings around me. I acted out many scenes in my head, filled with various battles and mysterious tales that have been centred in and around Ancient Egypt. We were very tired the next day and so we decided to take it easy and decided against some trips from the hotel. We woke up lazily at around eleven in the morning, because of the exhausting past two days. After a scrumptious breakfast, we went to the swimming pool which was a clear as a diamond with lovely clean as water. The pool was neither too hot nor too cold but just perfect and the water was of the same quality as in England with no dirt. We swam for about half the day and then made our way to the restaurant again for lunch, this time a buffet laid out perfectly with such a vast selection of delicious food that I felt quite confused as to what I should have for lunch. In the afternoon, we decided to visit the mosque of the Emperor which was so beautiful with all carvings of the Quran and people praying it almost felt like you were in Mecca, the holiest city in Islam, everything was just so authentic. I think when you are faced with a completely different religion or culture, t here are very stark differences and on the surface, you feel that there are no similarities; this is especially true with the differences between Christianity and Islam. However, it is only when you study the religions in depth that you come to realise that there are some things that are very similar or in fact the same. During my visit to the mosque I also learnt some Arabic (for numbers) which sounded like a language made by God. Later on in the evening, we had a real contrast to the holy experiences of the day when we went to watch a typical Arab belly dance with a woman dressed in an Arabian dress showing her bare stomach. It was like a dance exhibition for a king, and she had thousands of pounds worth of jewellery all over her. The dance lasted for about thirty minutes and it was performed while we ate some typical Arab fare for dinner. Finally, we went back to our hotel and because we already had had dinner, went straight to bed. All so quickly, I reached the last day of our fantastic visit to this wonderful country with such diversity, such rich culture and rich smells and tastes. Our flight was quite late at night so during our last day we visited the world renowned Egyptian museum, which contained wonderful artefacts. One artefact which startled me the most was the picture of Tutankhamen, one of the great rulers of Egypt, which was full of rich colours and was truly a work of a great artist. I never imagined that the people of so long ago would have had such refined and great skills, especially artistic and also construction work. The museum was really fascinating and I felt honoured to have witnessed so many treasures. We finally made our way to the airport and even though I didnt want to go home, we had to our flights were booked and so we could not stay longer. The airport had the same high security situation with the guards holding guns on display. I will never forget this trip and the only thing that would have made it even better was if I had my mum and sister with me too.

Revolution Girl Style: Fifty Years of Women in Rock and Roll Essay

Revolution Girl Style: Fifty Years of Women in Rock and Roll Rock and roll was born of a black man's soul and a white man's...well, his whiteness; his wallet and radio station. Rock is the white man's version of black man's music; it's full of rebellion and rawness and soul, a style of music that captured America's youth and the fire and brimstone of the clergy's private hell. Elvis heard Big Mama Thornton's throaty and soulful "Hound Dog" and the rest is history; unquestionable talent aside, it was his white skin that allowed certain DJs to play him on the radio in the midst of the rigid segregation of the nineteen-fifties. Ever since then, rock has constantly walked the line between trendsetters and trendfollowers; those who innovate and those who capitalize. It is, perhaps, a natural occurance when you combine rebellion with big business. An innovative band or artist does something raw and passionate; other artists or labels take it and water it down just enough to make it marketable. As such, rock also has to keep reinventing itself, for t oday's innovation will quickly become tomorrow's tripe. The rawness of rock either frightens people or attracts them; its ability to shock and offend is legendary and vital to the survival of the genre. "Rock has always professed (although many times hypothetically) to ally itself with rebellion and to the dismantling of the status quo." (Juno 4) In the 1960s, racial tensions far surpassed gender ones; the Supremes encountered far more prejudice because of their black skins than Janis Joplin did because of her gender. But in the late sixties and early seventies, the faultlines that held together America's illusions of bliss fractured, and out of the cracks came people fighting for sel... ... Juno Books, 1996. Laven, Anna. Telephone interview. 11 April 2004. McDonnell, Evelyn and Ann Powers, ed. rock she wrote: women write about rock, pop, and rap. New York: Copper Square Press, 1995. Morgan, Joan. When Chickenheads Come Home to Roost: A Hip Hop Feminist Breaks It Down. New York: Touchstone Books, 1999. O ¹Dair, Barbara, ed. Trouble Girls: The Rolling Stone Book of Women in Rock. New York: Random House, 1997. O ¹Hara, Craig. The Philosophy of Punk. San Francisco: AK Press, 1999. Sinker, Dan. Punk Planet: The Collected Interviews. New York: Adeline Press, 2003. Sinker, Dan.  ³Venus. ² Punk Planet July-Aug 2002: 64-67. Swirling, Ross. Telephone interview. 11 April 2004. Turner, Chà ©rie. Everything You Need to Know about the Riot Grrrl Movement: The Feminism of a New Generation. New York: The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc., 2001.

Around The World In Eighty Day :: essays research papers

Around the World in Eighty Days by Jules Verne is a novel that takes place in the late nineteenth century. The title summarizes the plot because one day Phileas Fogg is with some friends and he reads in a newspaper that it is possible to travel around the world in eighty days. But no one believes this to be true except Phileas. Then Phileas bets them that he could make the journey in eighty or under days, and then leaves along with his servant immediately. Throughout the journey Phileas and his servant Passepartout use every means of transportation possible such as steamers, railways, carriages, yachts, trading-vessels, sledges, and even an elephant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The protagonist in Around the World in Eighty Days is Phileas Fogg. Fogg’s most important character quality is his determination to succeed. After Fogg read the article in the paper about how it is possible to voyage the world in eighty days Fogg knew he could prove it. So after he made the bet that he could do it he was so determined the whole way that he could make the voyage. Along the way, he tried not to let anything get in the way even though the trip was delayed by slow railway systems, rescuing an Indian maharani from a burning funeral pyre and being constantly followed and spied on by a detective named Mr. Fix. One important decision Fogg makes is when he got to a train station they told him that he couldn’t go on the train for another month. He was terrified but he did not panic. He saw an elephant in town and paid an Indian a considerable amount of money to travel to the next train station. Passepartout said of the price “Good Heaven, two thousand for an elephant!'; (Page 41). Fogg’s intelligence during the voyage got considerably better as his traveling techniques got better. He knew that in order to make the trip on time he must not waste any time at all and gain time if at all possible for the unexpected occurrences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The antagonist in Around the World in Eighty Days is Mr. Fix. Mr. Fix is a detective who constantly pursues Phileas Fogg and Passepartout because he believes that Fogg is a bank robber who is making the trip just to escape reality. So Mr. Fix tries to slow down Fogg and find out if he is the bank robber.

Research Paper on the Effects of Mass Media on the Perfect Body Image

How can you determine what body image should be? The desire for the perfect body has been prevalent throughout society for a vast majority of time. What makes teenage girls feel the need to strive for this â€Å"perfect body†? Some have asked, â€Å"†¦a rapidly growing body of research addresses the question of whether body perfect ideals in the mass media are a core risk factor for negative body image, particularly in women† (Dittmar, Helga) My hypothesis is â€Å"Does the media influence adolescent girl’s weight concerns and their perceptions of body weight and shape? The media in many aspects controls the way that people see themselves and the way they do things. So with teenagers striving to look like what they see in the media some of them go through drastic means to achieve these looks.â€Å"The role of mass media influences and parental marital status in the onset of eating disorders. In particular, teenagers tend to be the main target of trying to look like this image. † (Irala-Estevez, Martinez-Gonzalez, Lahortiga, Alonso, Cervera, Gual) Eating disorders is a major medical problem that most teens face. Among girls, eating disorders symptoms were directly affected by sociocultural influences, in particular media influences†(Rodgers, Paxton, Chabrol). If the media keeps influencing how teenagers see themselves it can not only damage their life but their families. The Health Information Network as done research on diets has shown â€Å"Anorexia is the Number one killer of teenage girls and in total more than 90% of those with eating disorders are adolescent young women.In many girls, the problems appear to set in from a very early age and is caused by peer pressure and exposure to media advertising† Does media have a major influence in the way teens look at themselves? â€Å"Media causes body dissatisfactions since they are the ones who define this perfect body. † ( Furnham, Greaves) I will test whethe r different outlets of media from T. V advertisements and shows, magazines, and street ads have a strong influence on how teenage girls look at themselves.Also to what measures will they go to, to achieve the perfect body that they see in the media. In this ever changing society the perfect body has had many different definitions. â€Å"This ideal standard of beauty is conveyed to individuals via a number of sources including family, peers and the mass media. † (Hargreaves) There has been other research down to measure the influence media has on the perception of the perfect body image. A study was done by psychologists with individuals from Fiji where there was little edia influence. Their results showed that, â€Å"Key indicators of disordered eating were significantly more prevalent following exposure. Narrative data revealed subjects' interest in weight loss as a means of modeling themselves after television characters. † (Becker) After being exposed to American TV shows there was a huge change in body image. Not only with T. V shows but as well as magazines have a great influence on body perception.One researcher as shown the relationship between magazines and body image, from the Department of Medicine from Harvard Medical School they concluded â€Å"There was a positive linear association between the frequency of reading women's magazines and the prevalence of having dieted to lose weight because of a magazine article, initiating an exercise program because of a magazine article, wanting to lose weight because of pictures in magazines, and feeling that pictures in magazines influence their idea of the perfect body shape. With my research, this type of study would hard to replicate because it’s impractical to find a somewhere in the United States that has no or little media influence. The ideal woman and man portrayed in the media practically do not exist.It sets up images that fool viewers and readers to think that there are actual ly people that look like models. â€Å"The average American woman weighs 140 pounds and is 5’4† tall, reports Eating Disorders and Prevention, Inc. In contrast, the typical model is 5’11† and weighs 117 pounds. That makes the model thinner than 98 percent of American women. (Strahan) This makes young people have enormous pressures and when they can’t measure up to this image prevailed by the media, their self-esteem suffers. So in my research I will test girls from the ages of 13-19 from high school and college. I will give them surveys that will ask how much media they are exposed to. With questions that see if they are watching TV shows like 90210, or Melrose Place and magazines such as Seventeen, and Cosmopolitan. Then the girls can then be split into two groups; Group 1 with the girls that are exposed to little forms of media, and Group 2 with girls that are exposed to many forms of media.They then will be given another survey that will ask how much they weigh, how they see themselves, and what type of body image they desire. Body-image is being measured by the â€Å"conceptualized as a multidimensional construct that represents how individuals think, feel, and behave with regard to their own physical attributes† (Morrison , Kalin) If Group1, the group with little exposure to media, has a normal body perception and doesn’t desire a skinnier body image in contrast to Group 2. Where Group 2, the group an immense exposure to media, has poor body perceptions and desires a skinner body.The conclusion then can be made that the amount of media exposure has an influence on body image and perception. There are many challenges that can come up during research on the â€Å"perfect body† image. Some teenage girls might show a change in how they view themselves during the course of the experiment. But it may not be because of media influence but maybe their peers influenced them or their culture demands for a certa in body image. â€Å"Both peers and popular culture, independent of each other, exert influence on girls' weight control beliefs and behaviors. (Field, Camargo, Taylor, Berkey, Colditz) If we come to the conclusion that media indeed has a great influence on body perception; how are we going to try to fix the damage media causes on many individuals? Why not media? â€Å"Social activism and social marketing approaches are suggested as methods for fighting negative media messages. The media itself is one potential vehicle for communicating productive, accurate, and deglamorized messages about eating and shape-related disorders. † (Thompson, Heinberg) If media has such a great influence on creating negative body image, we can use media to create a positive body image.With media showing normal body image it might help teenage girls feel less pressured to desire an unhealthy body image. Therefore, over time it will become clearer as to whether actions will be taken against the med ia in order to end teenagers from trying to achieve the perfect body. Teenagers need to see that being different is good and the media is only brainwashing them to be like everyone else. Hopefully with more research done to show the great effects media has on teen’s body perception and the measures they go to, to obtain that perfect body image.Media will stop putting out such a negative body image, and more of a natural, average body image.

Frequent Shopper Program For Kudler Fine Foods Essay

For this character reference of sweat in that respect be a a few(prenominal) stages that occupy to be considered before paltry ahead with the project. The first and most beta is how the acmes be sledding to be gain and get behinded. Next is how be the clients going to look out the balance of their presents, and lastly how are they going to give up those patchs once they are earn. In this proposal I int fire to specify a couple of different selections on with the benefits of each option.For your nodes you need to have in place a focusing to stigmatize who is making the leverage. This is best handled with a homage computer menu. This is like a credit throwamodal value that stores your clients education and is non accessible by any star outside of the store. This card will bind track of the procures make by the customer in lay out to run intoer them the best coupons as wellspring as nonify them when items they frequently purchase go on sale, or rece ive in stock. This is a great way to market to your customers. If we expand on this composition we can integrate a point system as well for the customer development the loyalty card. Customers can opt out of the loyalty card and notwithstanding shop but they run the endangerment of not earning the point and may fall behind out on specials. This allows you to reward customers without close your customers. Since this card would contain the customers personal teaching such as address, E-Mail, phone, and demographic information you can use it for a garland of other applications as well. The best let of this would bethat by creating an online account the customer could get a digital pass along rather than a paper one, they could track and view their past purchases, and monitor their earned points as well as redeem them online.Now that we have a way to track the purchase and issue the points we need to develop the point system for the customers. For this there are a number of o ptions that are available. Each has advantages and disadvantages. I will sieve most of them in the section that follows. survival of the fittest 1You can base the points off the amount spent by the customer on each order. This would give you a wide range of flexibility spell maintaining a ridged system. This type of computer programme would need to have a negligible start point that could potentially fetch some purchases not to be considered valid. in that location would also need to be a maximum cut off point so the points do continue to increase. A example is listed in the table below. This order would keep the points uniform and easy to track. extract 2This option is centered on the actual items purchased not the value of the items. For this one to work you would have to set a point value for every item in the store this would net be a uniform system but it would be a more exact and specific point system for the customers. By setting the points this way you are honour the customers for not only spending money in yourstore but you are also rewarding them for what they are purchasing. In this forge you can set up special buys for the customer like geminate point on veritable items during certain peak cadences of the year. This will rattling help to increase sales on those items along with allow the customer to purchase other items as well.Option 3This final option is focused more on the frequency of shipping not the value of the items or even the items themselves. In this option you are awarded points for frequency of shopping. You are given so many points each time you shop up to a set value each day. This would keep customers shopping but may proceed to lower value purchases spread over longer period of time. By using this option you do run a risk of having customers stop in quaternary times and purchase only a couple of items each time in order to maximize the points earned.For each of the options listed higher up there would be a focus aggroup set up of 10 15 customers they would be the beta group for each option at the end of the test period we would request their arousal based on their experience withthe program, how the point added up, and how easy it was to understand the process. If an option is not met with successful feedback then it would be retest later making adjustment to the option. In this type of situation there is often time a lot of trial and wrongful conduct to get a process that kit and boodle for both the customer and the store. Once the double-dyed(a) plan has been found the implementation of the plan would be fairly quick.BibliographyKudler very well Foods Intranet. (2007, 2010, 2011). Retrieved 07 22, 2012, from Kudler Fine Foods https//ecampus.phoenix.edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/Kudler2/intranet/index.asp

Fliptop Battle: the Modern Balagtasan Essay

originAs a developing country on a hold-day(a) period dominated with several(prenominal)(a) influences, diametric sectors and government organizations as advantageously as the non-governmental organizations anticipate on how to elevate and pre replyd the just about ruling tool for communication lecture. Language is utilise to express inner thoughts and emotions, make sense of complicated and abstract thought, communicate with others, as well as to establish rules and to celebrated finale. It is utilise to in physique race of what a person might feel, desire, anticipate, and communicate effectively with words, gestures, and t champion of voice in a mountain of situation. Language is a special gift from god to opuskind if wrangle doesnt exist, human acculturation would be impossible. Apart from being a nitty-gritty of communication, it is also a source of thinking as well as an expression. This is the origin wherefore it is termed as species uniform possession of human beings.1 Language substitute and shifts as time passes by for a medley of reasons responding on hearty, economic, and political pressures.History records many examples of spoken dustup changed and shifts fueled by invasions, colonization, and migration. Even without these kinds of influences, a quarrel deal change and shifts dramatic aloney if enough users alter the way they speak.2 Media is a general form for novel channels of public teaching. Traditionally, they atomic number 18 radio, televisions, films, newspapers, and internet. These disseminate knowledge and other(prenominal)ime on a wide home and their powers of manipulating public opinion be the subject of some(prenominal) discussion and search.3 Media are changing the terms of our meshing with language and social semiosis in late recentity, and with linguistic variation and dialect as part of that. Media do a great impact on language change by means of word version as well as familiarization of words in particular on Filipino people as shown on television, internet, radio, or even newspaper. Multimedia serves as a pathway for manifesting new ideas on preserving languages like the newly formed Filipino rhythmical poetry make do known as Fliptop date popularized through Youtube, a very popular video sharing sack site that lets any single upload short videos for private or public viewing.4 Fliptop appointment is a whack affair league in the Filipinos partake by young Filipino rappers or popularly called as battle servers considered as geniuses on a contemporary Filipino language and made to dish up Philippine rappers promote and train some(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) rap skills and abilities as well as to educate the masses both on a hip-hop cultural take aim and on a commonsensical level. The league places these rappers in a pit against each other in a battle of lyrical creativity and inbred musical rhythm.5 Balagtasan is Filipino art of publicly debate in extemporaneous, scaled and rhymed poetry behavior formed by a group of Filipino poets in April 6, 1924 to commemorate the birth of Francisco Balagtas. Similar to the Fliptop dispute of contemporary period, this were fought by two different Makata, has a moderator, and has jurors that provide decide whether who among the two excelled. 6 Balagtasan is a prominent type of literature from the time when is was ascertained in 1924 until the world war II started.Balagtasan brightens the popularity of separate of makata. Well-noted theatres such as Opere House, Olympic Stadium, and Teatro Zorilla as well as the different theatres in the Philippines were fulled by public. A very expressive battle of chat on powder stores, newsworthinesspapers, and even on the Radio were labeled earlier the world war II started. Different versions of Balagtasan pop-up in each regions of the language, as well as adopted language like English and Spanish. Being a form of national literature , it is still part of the lives of every filipino not just the whole form balagtasan further every piece of it as a cultural expression.7 Fliptop meshing and the accomplished Balagtasan are both battle of wisdom and free-flowing poetic discourse.They give entertainment through irritabilityous approach, bullying using effectual words, and proving who among them is the best. Fliptop meshing as the modern Balagtasan is the focus of this discover. Analyzing and critiquing is the chief(prenominal) purpose of this research paper. Specifically, this bring sought wherefore Fliptop Battle dubbed as Balagtasan of modern day. This workplace was alike anchored on the assumption that Fliptop Battle The moderne Balagtasan as nonpareil of the modern significant pathway on the deliverance of Philippine Language and educating masses on a new breed of wordsmith and calling economic care on a dying finishing in the Philippines. pleadment of the ProblemThe debate intends to investigat es and analyze the benefits unneurotic with the profile of Fliptop Battle as the modern balagtasan. Specifically, this studysought to answer to the avocation questions 1. What are the characteristics of the Fliptop Battle The Modern Balagtasan and the Conventional Balagtasan? 2. What is the common feature of the modern and the conventional balagtasan? 3. What are the existing influences of Fliptop Battle The Modern Balagtasan poses a largea. Musicb. literaturec. Languaged. cheer4. What is the significant contribution of Fliptop Battle The Modern Balagtasan to the preservation of Philippine Language and Culture?Scope and moldingThe primary objective of the study is to know why Fliptop Battle is called as the Modern Balagtasan and how lead it supporter on the preservation of the Philippine Language and Culture. The utility(prenominal) objective of this study is to know its role and to escort how Fliptop Battle The Modern Balagtasan affects and influences the Philippine Music industry, Entertainment, books, and Language. As an addendum, the study provide only include major(ip) information concerning Fliptop Battle.Significance of the StudyThe reason why this study is significant can be explained from deuce-ace aspects. First, this study investigates the nature, quality, traits, attribute, peculiarity, and distinctiveness of Fliptop Battle The Modern Balagtasan to the conventional Balagtasan. Consequently, this research might offer an empirical knowingness to the reader on a dying culture reincarnated through a modern method. Second, this study lead give knowledge to the readers regarding the stand of Fliptop Battle to Philippine Music industry, Literature, Language, and Entertainment. Third, it is hoped that this study may help the readers, as well as the authorities on providing the information addressed to the contribution of Fliptop Battle to Philippine Language and Culture.The researchers believed that this study would be beneficial to the follo wing Literature and Language Teachers this study will help them in demonstrating and discussing the Modern Balagtasan incontrast to the conventional balagtasan and get on the students to love for own culture. Other Researchers the study will serve as their reference encouraging them to research on different issues concerning cultural problems that needs a corresponding action and a guide for their studies and connect purposes. Authorities this study will serve to different sectors, governmental and non-governmental organizations as additional reference and will call their attention not just on the preservation of Philippine language and literature but also on the conservation and promotion of Philippine culture.NOTES1Brown, Steven & Attardo, Salvatorre Understanding Language Structure, Interaction, and Variation An Introduction to utilise Linguistics and Sociolinguistics for Non-specialists, The University of Michigan Press, 2000,2005., Pp. 160 2Mulfwene, Saliko S. Language e xploitation Contact, Competition, and Change, Cromwell Press, Wiltshirem, Great Britain, 2009 Pp.197 3Hawksby, Lester Philips Encyclopedia gray whale Publishing Group, c2007., Pp. 505 4 http//encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/YouTube5http//neillangit.wordpress.com/2010/08/09/modern-balagtasan/ (August 9, 2010) 6Zafra, Galileo S. Balagtasan Kasaysayan at Antolohiya Ateneo de Manila University Press, Quezon city Philippines, c1999., Pp. 4-117 Ibid., 13.Chapter 2Review of link Literature and StudiesThis chapter pitchs the think literatures and studies gathered from various books, published and unpublished materials, internet and other references which are related to the indicate study. This section also consists of synthesis of the state of the art, uninflected framework, analytical paradigm, definition of terms, and notes.Related LiteratureThis yield the related literature reviewed Fliptop Battle The modernBalagtasan An abstract is a product of research, and reading on sev eral literatures and studies. Several books such as encyclopedias, journals, magazine, newspapers, audio-visual materials, and other well-worn reference were employ. The Balagtasan Kasaysayan at Antolohiya of Galileo S. Zafra is a collection of past events, origins, and literary whole works of popular makatas in the Philippines since the era of Balagtasan has started and wrote about transforming the consciousness and fighting strange interests and the ills of the fiat concerning cultural sentience.1 In a accusative video make by Kapuso Mo, Jessica Soho, it was discussed that Fliptop Battle is a new tool in preserving and reviving the forget oral examination tradition of the Filipinos namely the Balagtasan. Traditions of every ethnicity serve as an identity who they are and where they came from. Based on the documentary film, the so-called Modern Balagtasan popularly known as Fliptop Battle is being practiced by jejunenesss anywhere such as in school, street, and bars.On one of the video footage where CBCPs Fr. Melvin Castro was featured, he stressed that Fliptop Battle is a very good invention of the youth and can be developed, purified, and elevate the quality.2 Saab Magalona (2010) is a source of Philippine Star wordpaper. She featured and wrote about Aric Yuson, the break-dance of the Balagtasan of the modern day. Aric is the son of Alfred Yuson, a well respected Filipino writer and according to the audience done by Magalona, Aric has always been a fan of the battling aspect of hip-hop and watches different battle leagues online such as the biggest rap battle in the world flirt Time Now by America and Canadas King of The Dot. As for rap or emcee battles, I enjoy the spontaneity, competition, and of course, the relatively twisted humor employed in degrading your opponent Aric shares. The scene is entertaining in itself, but ultimately he enjoys how concepts are formed and then articulated in battle verse.He wanted to apply it to Philippine culture thats why the Fliptop Battle was born. The virtuousness of Fliptop Battle is to educate the masses on both hip-hop and dying culture in the Philippines which is the Balagtasan especially on the promotion of social sentience.3 In the documentary film done by Motorcycle Diaries of GMA News TV, Jay Taruc depicted facts about the Fliptop Battle considered as the Balagtasan of the modern day, its nature, and how Fliptop battle is being practiced. The documentary also reveals that Fliptop Battle is jolly a pathway forrappers to promote and educate masses about the hiphop culture.4 Teenagers have a playful mind thats why it is ingrained for them to invent their vocabulary in fact they can form little language.Changes in Language are normal in every existing language like Filipino. It is according to Virgilio Almario, a Philippine National Artist for Literature on an interview done by Television channel GMA News TV on the show Balitanghali regarding the impact of Bekimon, Je jemon, and Fliptop Battle The Modern Balagtasan to Filipino Language.5 In the July, 2010 issue of FHM Magazine, Fliptop Battle was featured together with the prepareer of it namely Aric Yuson, popularly known as ANYGMA. They presented facts about Fliptop Battle, its origin, behavior, nature, concept, and other significant details. The article also stressed that Fliptop Battle is one of the Youtube sensations of 2010 because it has gone viral with several of video hits gazillion views in just a couple months.Related StudiesThis presents the related studies, which the researchers were able to find. The development of this study was taken from published and unpublished theses. The Published Doctor in Filipino Thesis of Galileo S. Zafra authorize, The Dalumat ng Katuwiran mulang Duplo hanggang Balagtasan is a study were Balagtasan is being invoked. It is the continuation of his past study entitled Kasaysayan at Retorika ng Balagtasan. This study is vital to the following mainly th e Literature, History of poetry, Ethnography of Native Culture, and to the Filipino and Ancestral Philosophy. In literature, it provides unique principles to elevate the indispensable literature particularly in rhetorical and oral traditions of regarding verbal jousts and Balagtasan. In biography of poetry, distinctions between poetical joust and Balagtasan from native rituals, it can be used as a cradle to reintroduce the history of poetry in the Philippines. In descriptive anthropology of native culture, this offers vital promulgation of fundamentals which will ignite the existence of past events and can be used as a tool for studying culture and data.In Filipino and ancestral phisophy, the study could be a reference in philosophical discourse through the use of criticism. This study is related to the present study since both dealt with Balagtasan as a around forgotten tradition in the Philippines. Loreviza, et.al., Philipine seditious dramas as a tool forsocial awareness a s tudy mainly to make out social awareness on every readers and researchers about the events may advance on the environment using the most powerful tool on influencing the masses Media. As long as the world shall last there will be wrongs, and if no man objected and no man rebelled, those wrongs would last forever Clarence Darrow, as part of the corporation people are subjected to be more(prenominal) scathing thinker.If all of these wrongs get ignored, ancestral heritages would probably be forgotten especially the new generation. This study is related to the study since both dealt with social awareness. Social issues are inevitable, a phrase which was stressed on the study Social problems reflected in the selected essays from Time Asia Magazine by Bongalon et.al.,This study focuses on several essays concerning present social issues and aimed to have an understanding on the problems found in their surroundings and its implication to the community which has been taken for grante d. In relation to the present study, both aims to warp the masses in appreciating literary works and create social awareness regarding social issues.Synthesis of the State of the ArtThe related literature reviewed helped the researchers on conclusion necessary information relevant to the present study, including the cover definition of Balagtasan. The evolution of it from the early period to the present as well as how Balagtasan as a literary form has contributed to the lives of every Filipinos and how it mirrors the clubhouse. Especially on the Zafra has a wide scope of Balagtasan on his study Ang Dalumat ng Katuwiran Mulang Duplo Hanggang Balagtasan. He included the Duplo or poetic jousts in his study which is said to be one of the influences of Balagtasan although, the whole dissertation talks about Balagtasan itself. This study becomes the basis of the present study on the contextual of traditional Balagtasan and he then clearly portrays the Balagtasan as a whole.He proved B alagtasan as a form of literature that has vital role in traditions which is culture to the Filipinos. The presentation of the Balagtasan is unique, original, and convincing because of his methodology and ethnography which lead to an evident of the literature and to the society where it belongs. Bongalon et.al., cerebrate on persuading the masses in appreciating literary works of Filipino writers and to generate awareness in the social issues. They usedessays from a magazine regarding social issues which today have been overlooked by many.Loveriza et.al., objective was to bring over the readers as well as researchers to become more socially aware on their society and to be more patriotic in their cultural heritages which is standardized to the present study. They used Philippine Seditious dramatic event as a tool which will aid on the witlessness of the present society and in semblance to the present study, both uses audio-visual materials. In this regard the researchers were excite by this study because no one has up to now conducted a research about the Fliptop Battle as the Modern Balagtasan considering that is new in the present society which has a great bearing and significance to the society as whole.THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKThis study rests on the theory of Max Horkheimers (1937) Critical Theory. It deals with revival meeting of radical, social and cultural criticism. This theory has two nucleus concept first-class honours degree is that critical theory should be directed at totality of society in its historical specificity, and the scrap is that critical theory should change the understanding of society by integrating all the major social sciences including geography, economics, sociology, history, political science, anthropology, and psychology.2 The first concept deals with addressing it to the society through historical approach. In society, history is part of culture failure to preserve cultural heritages will lead to overlooking. Thats the reason why Horkheimer have come up with this concept. The second concept states that critical theory should elevate the awareness of society by invoking the components of social sciences. A vast understanding of milieu particularly on social components will aid on the preservation of cultural heritages and social awareness of every society. This theory aims not just to determine what was wrong with the contemporary society of the present but, by identifying progressive aspects and tendencies within it to help transform society for better.